In the programme for this staging of As You Like It, the RSC extends the audience an invitation ‘to escape from the city and flee to the country, where love in all its forms is explored and celebrated’. What is this? Some misplaced, modern reinterpretation of our beloved culture twisted to pander to the wokerati? Nuh-uh, this is Shakespeare as Shakespeare intended.
The Buggery Act 1533 forbade certain physical acts, whether conducted between men or between man and woman. Same-sex relationships, meanwhile, were frequently explored in literature. Shakespeare addressed his sonnets, written in the 1590’s and divulging an intense love, to a ‘fair youth’. 1590 saw the first publication of Thomas Lodge’s cross-dressing, pastoral romance Rosalynde, featuring Ganymede. During the 1590s, the character name Ganymede featured in several works by different authors and, such were Ganymede’s pre-occupations, the word became an accepted term for a male sex worker.
Rosalynde was reissued in 1598, the year before that great borrower and reinventor, William Shakespeare, wrote As You Like It. The meaning of ‘Ganymede’ would certainly have been known to him, and his use of it no oversight. And, of course, at the time, men cross-dressing to play female roles was the norm in England. Shakespeare seems, most deliberately, to have been determined to have some fun with both.